An opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with
an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is based on
the short story "Madame Butterfly" (1898) by John Luther Long, which
in turn was based on stories told to Long by his sister Jennie Correll and on
the semi-autobiographical 1887 French novel Madame Chrysanthème by Pierre Loti.
Long's version was dramatized by David Belasco as the one-act play Madame
Butterfly: A Tragedy of Japan, which, after premiering in New York in 1900,
moved to London, where Puccini saw it in the summer of that year.
The original version
of the opera, in two acts, had its premiere on 17 February 1904 at Teatro alla
Scala in Milan. It was poorly received, despite such notable singers as soprano
Rosina Storchio, tenor Giovanni Zenatelloand baritone Giuseppe De Luca in lead
roles; this was due in part to a late completion by Puccini, and thus
inadequate time for rehearsals. Puccini revised the opera, splitting Act II
into two (with the Humming Chorus as a bridge to what became Act III) and
making other changes. Success ensued, starting with the first performance on 28
May 1904 in Brescia.
Madama Butterfly is a
staple of the operatic repertoire around the world, ranked 6th by Operabase;
Puccini's La bohème and Tosca rank 3rd and 5th.